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A proxy also referred to proxy servers is software that functions as a mediator between a client and server over the internet. Without proxy servers, users can send a request for the item to an online server and the server would deliver the resource directly back to the user. While this is a simple method to comprehend and implement the addition of proxies can provide advantages in terms of enhanced performance and privacy, security and much more. Alongside providing a layer of security they also serve as a security guardian of the internet between clients and servers.




The consensus is that the servers and the hardware that is used along with proxy software is often known as proxy servers. This article will concentrate on proxies which are usually classified as software and within the case of web servers. We will present a summary of the two primary types that are forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each type has its own use that can cause confusion due to the same naming convention.




This article will give you an idea of the proxy's purpose and what their subtypes are and how they work in the normal configurations. Through the article you'll discover how to recognize the circumstances where it's beneficial to use a proxy, and make the right choice between forward proxy and reverse proxy for any scenario.



Understanding Forward Proxies



In another way, a forward proxy sometimes known as open proxy. In other words, an open proxy is a proxy of a customer who wishes to send an internet request to an the server that originated it. In this case, every request from the client will instead be sent direct through the forward proxy. This forward proxy in the instead of the user, will examine the request. First, it will decide if the user is authorized receive requests from this particular forward proxy. It then decides whether to deny a request and send it back to the server that originally received it. The client is not able to access directly the internet. It can only access what the forward proxy grants its access.




The most popular reason to utilize forward proxy servers is to gain greater privacy or security when surfing the internet. Forward proxy allows you to access the internet place of a client, and in this manner it can use an IP address that is different from the original IP address utilized by the client.




Depending on how it's been configured in the past forward proxy servers are able to give you a variety of choices and permit you to:




Avoid ad tracking.


Circumvent surveillance.


You can identify limitations based on your geographic location.




Forward proxies may also be utilized in systems that offer central security and authorization based access, such as at work. When all traffic on the internet passes through an open forward proxy layer, administrators are able to restrict access to certain clients to the internet filtered through an common firewall. Instead of putting firewalls in place for the client layer that could comprise a variety of devices that are different in user and operating environments, the firewall can be placed within the forward proxy layer.




Be aware that forward proxy settings must be manually configured for use in order to be used and reverse proxy settings can be not recognized by clients. Depending on whether the IP address of a user is sent to the origin server through the forward proxy privacy and anonymity may be granted or not.




There are a variety of possibilities to consider for forward proxies:




Apache: A popular open-source web server with forward proxy features.


Nginx: Another renowned open-source webserver with forward proxy capabilities.


Squid is a free forward proxy that makes use of an HTTP protocol. It doesn't provide a complete Web server service. Take a look at our step-bystep guide to install Squid proxy to allow private connections in Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante forward proxy which runs the SOCKS protocol rather than HTTP this makes it more appropriate for scenarios such as peer-to-topeer traffic. It is also possible to look at the steps to install an Dante proxy for private connections in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy serves as a representative of web servers that handle any requests that come in from clients. The web server may include one or more servers. It could also be used as an application server such as Gunicorn. In either of these scenarios an application request is made from a user via the internet as a whole. Most of the time the request is sent directly to the server that hosts the information the client is asking for. Reverse proxy, however, acts as an intermediary, protecting Web servers from direct interaction with the web's public.




From a consumer's point perspective, which is also from a user's perspective, working via a reverse proxy no any different from using an internet server direct. It's the same, but the client cannot see the difference. The client requests the resource, and is then provided with it without any further configuration needed by the client.




Reverse proxies provide features such as:




Secured centrally for Web Server Layer.


Controlling traffic inbound based on rules that you can set up.


The caching feature was added to the application.




While centralized security is an advantage for both reverse and forward proxy servers, reverse proxies offer this feature to only the server layer and it is not available to the client layer. Instead of having firewalls running on the web server layer, which may contain many servers and various configurations, the majority of the firewall security is concentrated on the reverse proxy layer. Furthermore, the elimination of the responsibility to interact with firewalls as well as dealing with client requests outside of web servers permits them to concentrate on serving the requirements of their clients.




If there are multiple servers hosted with a reverse-proxy the reverse proxy is responsible to direct which requests are routed to which server. There could be multiple web servers providing identical content offering various types of resources or a combination of both. They can use the HTTP protocol exactly the same way as a traditional web server, however, they may also use additional protocols for applications servers, such as FastCGI. You can also configure reverse proxy to redirect the clients towards specific servers based upon the resource requested or to adhere to specific rules for traffic load.




Reverse proxies may also benefit from their position prior to web servers by providing the ability to cache. Large static assets can be configured by using caching rules in order to avoid the web server from being hit with each request. There are even solutions that allow you to serve static assets immediately without needing to connect to the web server once. In addition reverse proxy is able to handle compression of these assets.




The popular Nginx web server is also used as a well-known reverse proxy solution. Although Apache is also a reverse proxy option however, it is not a reverse proxy solution. Apache web server is also able to function with reverse proxy function as an additional characteristic of Apache however Nginx was originally designed for and focuses on the reverse proxy feature.



Differentiating Forward Proxy and reverse Proxy Examples



Because "forward" or "reverse" are associated with directionality, and false comparisons to "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic the labels could be confusing as both types of proxies deal with requests and responses. A better approach to differentiate between reverse and forward proxy is to look at the specifications of the application that you are building.




Reverse proxy is useful when designing a solution to provide web-based applications on the internet. They serve as your web servers whenever you connect to the web.




Forward proxy can be useful when placed in front of clients for personal use, or in a corporate environment. They represent your customers when you connect to the internet.




The use of case-based differentiation instead of focusing on commonly used naming conventions can help in eliminating confusion.



Conclusion



This article clarified the definition of a proxy using two types that are forward and the reverse proxy. Practical applications as well as a summary of the most beneficial characteristics were employed to identify between forward and reverse proxy. If you're interested in knowing more about how to implement proxy services, check out our tutorial on how to set up Nginx as a reverse and web server proxy using Apache in an Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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